Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

CiteULike is a free service for managing and discovering scholarly references - click here to get started.

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Joshi, V.
Right arrow Articles by Nandkumar, M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Joshi, V.
Right arrow Articles by Nandkumar, M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Undetected Elevated Blood Pressure in an Elderly Southeast Asian Population

V. Joshi, MSc, PhD

Singapore Health Services Research, Singapore, veena.d.joshi{at}singhealth.com.sg

J. Lim, MBBS, MRCS

National Kidney Foundation, Singapore

M. Nandkumar, MRCP, FAMS

Singapore Health Services Research, Singapore

Data on the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN) among elderly Asians is limited. We investigated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP) and its risk factors in a multiracial Southeast Asian elderly population who participated in the National Kidney Foundation Singapore nationwide screening programme. Among 19,848 subjects ≥ 65 years (approximately 6% of the total Singapore population), the mean age was 70.6 ± 5.26 yrs. After excluding 36.6% with known HTN, analysis revealed that 5,889 (46.8%) of the remaining population had previously undetected EBP >140/ 90. Increasing age, male gender, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and pre-existing diabetes were significantly associated with previously undetected EBP on multivariate analysis. 6% of cases with undetected EBP had proteinuria suggestive of longstanding EBP and renal damage. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of undetected EBP in elderly Asians, suggesting the need for increased e forts in screening in the elderly population. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 3—9.

Key Words: Hypertension • BMI • proteinuria and elderly population.

References

  • Singapore Department of Statistics; 1998.
  • Prencipe M.,SantiniM., Scaldaferri N., Culasso. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the elderly: Results from a population survey. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14(12): 825 - 30.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pedre A., Jose LR: Current Situation of Arterial Hypertension in Elderly People in Spain, Spanish Hypertension Society and League Against Arterial Hypertension Madrid, Spain, 1999. Available at: htp:/w.mco.edu/org/whl/pdfs/pdf.yearbook/14-pgs-63-8.pdf. Accessed 24 October 2005.
  • Jo I., Ahn Y., Lee J. et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors of hypertension in Korea: The Asian study. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 1523—1532.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Singh VB, Nayak KC, Kala A., Tundwal V. Prevalence of hypertension in geriatric population: A community based study in North-West Rajasthan. Indian J Gerontology 2005; 19(2): 135— 146.
  • Lu FH, Tang SJ, Wu JS, et al. Hypertension in elderly persons its prevalence and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Tainan City, Southern Taiwan. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55(8): M463-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Wolz M., Cutler J., Rocella EJ, et al. Statement from the national high blood pressure education program, prevalence of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13: 103.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rigaud AS, Forette B. Hypertension in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56(4): M217-M225.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Whelton PK Epidemiology of hypertension. Lancet 1994; 344: 10l - 106.
  • Pearson JD, Mo rell CH, Brant LJ, et al. Age associated changes in blood pressure in a longitudinal study of healthy men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997; 52(3): M177-M183.[Abstract]
  • Rowland M., Roberis J. Blood Pressure Levels and Hypertension in Person aged 6-74 years: United States 1976 - 1980; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II, Hyattsville, Maryland, US.
  • Matsumura K., Ansai T., Awano S., et al Association of body mass index with blood pressure in 80 year old subjects. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 12: 2165 -2169.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Masaki KH, Curb D., Chiu D. et al. Association of body mass index with blood pressure in elderly Japanese American men. The Honolulu Heart program. Hypertension 1997; 29: 673 - 677.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Benetos A., Rudnichi A., Safar M., Guize L. Pulse pressure and cardiovascular mortality in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Hypertension. 1998; 32: 560-564.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • De Cesaris R., Ranieri G., Andriani A., et al. E fects of cigarette-smoking on blood pressure and heart rate. J Hypertens 1991; 9: s122-s123.
  • Burt VL, Whelton K., Roccella EJ, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Hypertension 1995; 25(3): 305-13.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Buranakitjaroen P., Osangthammon J., Saravich S. A Study of Prevalence of Hypertension and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly in Siriraj Hospital, Division of Hypertension, Dept of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand, 1996. Available at: htp://www.mco.edu/org/whl/pdfs/pdf.yearbook/14-pgs-63-68.pdf. Accessed 29 October 2005.
  • Ha ris T., Cook EF, Ke nel WB, Goldman L. Proportional hazard analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals aged 65 and over. The Framing-ham heart study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 1023 - 1028.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Patric J., Mulrow. Detection and Control of Hypertension in the Population USA experience, 1995. Available at: http:/www.mco.edu/org/whl/usainter.html. Accessed 30 October 2005.
  • National Health Survey, 1999, Singapore.
  • International Center for Information on Healthy Aging. 2000; IGGPUCRS -Research.
  • Tozawa M., Iseki K., Iseki C., et al. Blood pressure predicts risk of developing end-stage renal disease in men and women. Hypertension 2003; 41: 1341 — 1345.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Chua B., Rochtchina E., Mitchell P. Temporal changes in the control of blood pressure in an older Australian population. J Hum Hypertens 2005; 19: 691-696.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Ramerez SP A comprehensive public health approach to address the burden of renal disease in Singapore. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: s122 — 126.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Singapore National Health Survey, 2004.
  • Zhao WH, Xu HQ, Zhang X., et al. The association of BMI and WHR on blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly people in rural China. Biomed Environ Sci 2000; 13(3): 189-97.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfelds, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants, The Whitehall II study. Lancet 1991; 337 (8754): 1387—93.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 2, 3-9 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/10105395070190020201
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
C. Sabanayagam, A. Shankar, D. Koh, K. S. Chia, S. M. Saw, S. C. Lim, E. S. Tai, and T. Y. Wong
Retinal Microvascular Caliber and Chronic Kidney Disease in an Asian Population
Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2009; 169(5): 625 - 632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Joshi, V.
Right arrow Articles by Nandkumar, M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Joshi, V.
Right arrow Articles by Nandkumar, M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?